The Marburg virus has recently emerged as a health threat in Africa, which has led to at least 15 deaths and hundreds of infections in Rwanda. The virus has spread rapidly across 17 African countries within the last two months.
Transmission and Symptoms
The Marburg virus is primarily transmitted by fruit bats. Human infections can occur through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms typically manifest between two to 21 days after exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, headaches, and body aches. By the third day, patients may experience diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
Severe Symptoms and Complications
Around day five, severe symptoms can develop, which may include bleeding from various body parts, such as the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, or gums. In some cases, swelling of the testicles may occur later. Death often occurs between days eight and nine, usually due to severe blood loss and shock.
Healthcare workers and individuals involved in funeral practices are at increased risk of infection. Direct contact with infected persons or their fluids increases the likelihood of transmission.
Travel Advisory
The UK Health Security Agency has issued a travel warning. It advises caution for those visiting affected regions, including Rwanda, Burundi, and several others in Africa. The advisory also mentions other diseases like Clade 1 and Oropouche fever prevalent in these areas.
Prevention and Treatment
Currently, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral treatments available for Marburg virus. However, early medical intervention can improve survival rates. Rehydration and symptomatic treatment are crucial for affected individuals.
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